What is the classification of a learning disability that affects the ability to read?

The classification of a learning disability that affects the ability to read is best represented by a cognitive disability. Cognitive disabilities involve challenges related to processing information, including difficulties with reading, writing, and understanding. One common reading-related cognitive disability is dyslexia, which specifically impairs the ability to decode words and recognize written text effectively, ultimately impacting reading fluency and comprehension.

This classification emphasizes the mental processes involved in learning and understanding, making it distinct from other types of disabilities. For instance, while speech disabilities pertain to issues with verbal communication, and mathematical disabilities focus specifically on difficulties with numerical concepts and calculations, cognitive disabilities encompass a broader range of learning challenges that can include reading problems. Furthermore, intellectual disabilities typically involve limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior but may not specifically target learning areas like reading. Thus, cognitive disability is the most accurate classification for reading challenges.